Wave Theory: Making Sense Out of Sound

Declarative Knowledge

Procedural Knowledge

Culminating Performance

Students will be able to determine the relative value, significance and validity of specific data, facts and ideas.

Students will be able to understand the impact of technological development on the environment.

Student will be able to use a variety of resources to refine research ideas.

Students will be able to make multimedia presentations demonstrating a clear sense of audience and purpose.

Students will be able to identify and defend research questions that may be important in the future.

Student's Products/performances

Students will use "PowerPoint" to produce a presentation on current and possible future applications of technology in the use of wave theory in any one of the following fields:

• Health care
• Communication
• Navigation
• Geology
• Musical entertainment

In this presentation, the students will use the data which they gathered and synthesized in each of the class activities and laboratory investigations, as well as the information which they acquired from their research.

Students will be instructed to design this presentation for the purpose of trying to persuade elected officials to vote for an allocation of funds to pursue continued research in the selected field.

Criteria for Evaluation

• Use of reliable sources for gathering research information
• Use of convincing arguments based on scientifically relevant content
• use of technically precise and accurate terminology
• thorough exploration of the topic

What knowledge will students be extending and refining? Specifically, they will be extending and refining their understanding of…

What reasoning process will they be using?

Describe what will be done.

(Comparing and Classifying)

• the results of natural and man-made occurences of the Doppler effect in energy transmission through sound waves.

(Deductive Reasoning)

• the principle of resonance of sound waves due to natural frequency of vibration.

(Constructing Support)

• what applications of technology may be made possible in the future because of developments in our knowledge of the manner in which energy is transmitted through sound waves.

Comparing ***

Classifying ***

Inductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning ***

Error Analysis

Analyzing Perspectives

Constructing Support ***

Abstracting

Other:

Student's Products/performances

Students will develop computer generated graphs and charts, which will be used to record and to analyze data to compare the effects of shock waves produced during seismic activity with the effects of shock waves produced by supersonic aircraft.

Students will use CD-ROM's and computer software to record and to analyze data in order to compare wave patterns produced by a variety of musical instruments and sounds from other sources

The teacher will direct students to investigate the following Web sites:

http://phys.udallas.edu/

www.music.mcgill.ca/auditory/

www.columbia.edu/

www-sci.lib.uci.edu/

www.het.brown.edu/

www.het.brown.edu/

www.cs.cmu.edu/

www-ed.fnal.gov/

http://phwave.phys.lsu.edu/

http://lib-www.ucr.edu/physci/

www-marine.stanford.edu/

http://golgi.harvard.edu/

http://xplor.csb.yale.edu/

www.calpoly.edu/delta.html

Criteria for Evaluation

• use of reliable sources for gathering research information
• Use of convincing arguments based on scientifically relevant content
• Use of technically precise and accurate terminology
• Thorough exploration of the topic

What procedural knowledge will students be in the process of acquiring & integrating? As a result of this unit, students will be able to:

What will be done to help students construct models, shape & internalize the knowledge?

Describe what will be done.

• Gather data, which will be used to solve problems by means of the universal wave equation.
• Use an oscilloscope to analyze characteristics of sound waves from various sources.

The teacher will instruct students on the function and purpose for using computer generated graphic organizers, tables and charts to record and analyze data.

The teacher will instruct students in the use of the CD-ROM

Waves: Energy in Motion, Society for Visual Education,

To simulate wave patterns produced by a variety of musical instruments and sounds from other sources.

Students will use computer software to record their observations in the form of graphic organizers, tables and charts.

Students will use an oscilloscope with a microphone to produce a visual display of sounds from a variety of musical instruments and other sources. Students will draw diagrams to record the wave patterns. Students will compare variations in amplitude, frequency and wave length for each of the sound sources.

What declarative knowledge should students be in the process of acquiring & integrating? As a result of the unit, the student will know or understand…Describe what will be done.

• Similarities and differences between longitudinal and transverse wave forms
• Generalizations about the speed of waves of the same kind in a given medium
• Characteristics of constructive and destructive interference patterns
• Fundamental characteristics of wave motion
• Changes in direction caused by reflection, refraction and diffraction
• Relationship of wavelength to frequency in a given medium as stated in the universal wave equation
• Principle of resonance of sound waves due to natural frequency of vibration

Students will:

• Read text
• Watch the video, The Nature of Waves, Films for the Humanities and Sciences.
• Perform a series of scientific investigations
• Engage in a group discussion following each investigation

Students will:

• Read text
• Watch the video, The Propagation of Waves, Films for the Humanities and Sciences
• Perform a series of scientific investigation

Students will:

• Read text
• Watch the video, Exploring Sound, Society for Visual Education
• Perform a series of scientific investigations
• Engage in a group discussion following each investigation

Students will:

• Measure and record observations in the form of diagrams and charts
• Answer questions in lab manual

Students will:

• Measure and record observations in the form of diagrams and charts
• Answer questions in lab manual

Students will:

• Measure and record observations in the form of diagrams and charts
• Answer questions in lab manual

Working in pairs, students will stretch and shake a helical coiled spring rapidly with an up and down motion in order to generate wave pulses. The students will observe the patterns of movement produced in the spring. Students will repeat the process using a back and forth motion on the coiled spring.

Working in pairs, students will use a ripple tank to project the image of wave patterns in water onto a paper below the tank. The students will observe differences in wave patterns produced by various origins of motion and by barriers set in different locations.

Working in pairs, students will lower a glass tube into a large glass calibrated cylinder filled with water. By striking a tuning fork held over the glass tube, sound waves from the tuning fork will be reinforced by sound waves from the tuning fork will be reinforced by sound waves from the air column in the glass tube. Students will change the length of the air column by raising or lwering the glass tube. Students will observe differences in sound depending on the length of the air column.

Score Point 4

Score Point 3

• Provides evidence of an expansive amount of research on the current applications of wave theory
• Shows exceptional judgment in the choice of data which is scientifically relevant to the topic
• Presents thought provoking questions about possible future applications of wave theory supported by convincingly strong arguments
• Gives technically accurate and highly precise explanations with numerous examples

• Provides evidence of much research on the current applications of wave theory
• Shows good judgment in the choice of data which is scientifically relevant to the topic
• Presents questions about possible future applications of wave theory supported by good arguments
• Uses technically accurate terminology in providing clear explanations

Score Point 2

Score Point 1

• Provides evidence of some research on the current applications of wave theory
• Uses some data which is not scientifically relevant to the topic
• Presents some questions about possible future applications of wave theory which are supported by arguments and some which are not supported by arguments
• Occasionally uses terminology which is not technically accurate in providing explanations

• Provides little or no evidence of research on the current applications of wave theory
• Uses data which is often scientifically irrelevant to the topic
• Presents numerous questions about possible future applications of wave theory which are not related to the topic
• Gives confusing and technically inaccurate explanations

Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment.

Students will understand the impact of technological development on the environment.

Students will identify and defend research questions that may be important in the future.

Students will access, generate, process and transfer information using appropriate technologies.

Students will use information technology to retrieve, process and communicate information and as a tool to enhance learning.

Students will make multimedia presentations demonstrating a clear sense of audience and purpose.

Description of the task using a prompt format (FAT - P=form, audience, topic, purpose)

Student's products/performances

Students will use "PowerPoint" to produce a presentation on current and possible future applications of technology in the use of wave theory in any one of the following fields:

• Health care
• Communication
• Navigation
• Geology
• Musical entertainment

In this presentation, the students will use the data which they gathered and synthesized in each of the class activities and laboratory investigations, as well as they information which they acquired from their research.

Students will be instructed to design this presentation for the purpose of trying to persuade elected officials to vote for an allocation of funds to pursue continued research in the selected field.

Criteria for Evaluation

• Use of reliable sources for gathering research information
• Use of convincing arguments based on scientifically relevant content
• Use of technically precise and accurate terminology
• Thorough exploration of the topic